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Go to help center to learn more           (https://cdn.sstatic.net/Sites/stackoverflow/Img/apple-touch-icon.png?v=c78bd457575a) (https://stackoverflow.com/questions/40525230/specify-the-env-file-docker-compose-uses) Specify the env file docker compose uses  (https://stackoverflow.com/questions/ask) Ask Question     (2016-11-10 10:25:41Z) Asked 8 years, 10 months ago  Modified (https://stackoverflow.com/questions/40525230/specify-the-env-file-docker-compose-uses?lastactivity) (2021-05-12 00:29:04Z) 4 years, 4 months ago  (Viewed 46,982 times) Viewed 47k times       This question shows research effort; it is useful and clear 37  (This question does not show any research effort; it is unclear or not useful)         Save this question. (https://stackoverflow.com/posts/40525230/timeline)    Show activity on this post.   Is it possible to specify the env file that docker compose uses for variable substitution? Currently it defaults to ".env" but I have different flavours of compose files which should have different envs.  (https://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/docker) (show questions tagged 'docker') docker  (https://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/docker-compose) (show questions tagged 'docker-compose') docker-compose      (https://stackoverflow.com/q/40525230) (Short permalink to this question) Share   (https://stackoverflow.com/posts/40525230/edit) Improve this question  Follow  Follow this question to receive notifications      asked (2016-11-10 10:25:41Z) Nov 10, 2016 at 10:25   (https://stackoverflow.com/users/3231690/zuriar) (Zuriar's user avatar)    (https://stackoverflow.com/users/3231690/zuriar) Zuriar Zuriar (reputation score 11,876) 11.9k (23 gold badges)  23  23 gold badges (64 silver badges)  64  64 silver badges (98 bronze badges)  98  98 bronze badges        1 (number of 'useful comment' votes received) 2   I found this (https://docs.docker.com/compose/environment-variables/) docs.docker.com/compose/environment-variables but this appears to need env_file for each container.. Is it possible to set it globally for the whole docker-compose file thus overriding the default .env? Zuriar – (https://stackoverflow.com/users/3231690/zuriar) (11,876 reputation) Zuriar  2016-11-10 10:31:35 +00:00 Commented (2016-11-10 10:31:35Z, License: CC BY-SA 3.0) Nov 10, 2016 at 10:31        (Use comments to ask for more information or suggest improvements. Avoid answering questions in comments.) Add a comment  |  (Expand to show all comments on this post)        3 Answers 3   Sorted by:  (https://stackoverflow.com/questions/40525230/specify-the-env-file-docker-compose-uses?answertab=scoredesc#tab-top) Reset to default   (scoredesc) Highest score (default)  (trending) Trending (recent votes count more)  (modifieddesc) Date modified (newest first)  (createdasc) Date created (oldest first)            This answer is useful 25  (This answer is not useful)         Save this answer. (Loading when this answer was accepted…)     (https://stackoverflow.com/posts/40544395/timeline)    Show activity on this post.   You can use inheritance for this. If you have one "base" service where you set up the environment, all of your other services can inherit from that. Example: version: "2" services: base: env_file: - my_env.txt web: extends: service: base image: foo database: extends: service: base image: foo-db   The above example has everything in the same file, but you can also split this up into multiple files, where the base service would reside in a base.yaml file. You just need to add file: base.yaml to the extends section. Please see (https://docs.docker.com/compose/extends/#extending-services) the documentation here . I use this approach for setting the proxy variables for all containers. I have a proxy.yaml file that defines a proxy-app service that picks up the proxy environment variables from the shell. All of my real services extend the proxy-app service and thus inherit the environment settings from that service.   (https://stackoverflow.com/a/40544395) (Short permalink to this answer) Share   (https://stackoverflow.com/posts/40544395/edit) Improve this answer  Follow  Follow this answer to receive notifications      answered (2016-11-11 09:00:23Z) Nov 11, 2016 at 9:00   (https://stackoverflow.com/users/1228454/nwinkler) (nwinkler's user avatar)    (https://stackoverflow.com/users/1228454/nwinkler) nwinkler nwinkler (reputation score 54,851) 54.9k (23 gold badges)  23  23 gold badges (166 silver badges)  166  166 silver badges (170 bronze badges)  170  170 bronze badges        3 Comments    Add a comment    (https://stackoverflow.com/users/1997286/tobi)   Tobi (https://stackoverflow.com/users/1997286/tobi) Tobi (2020-04-07T13:36:56.193Z) Over a year ago          Attention: Will not work in docker compose v3 and up 2020-04-07T13:36:56.193Z+00:00    19      Reply               (https://stackoverflow.com/users/6472304/luke-davis)   Luke Davis (https://stackoverflow.com/users/6472304/luke-davis) Luke Davis (2021-04-08T23:23:35.157Z) Over a year ago          This will not work on Docker Compose v3+ because each service must have a defined image or a build context. Documented (https://docs.docker.com/compose/compose-file/compose-file-v3/#build) here and discussed (https://stackoverflow.com/questions/63766931/service-notebook-has-neither-an-image-nor-a-build-context-specified-at-least-on) here  2021-04-08T23:23:35.157Z+00:00    3      Reply               (https://stackoverflow.com/users/3462615/peter-kionga-kamau)   Peter Kionga-Kamau (https://stackoverflow.com/users/3462615/peter-kionga-kamau) Peter Kionga-Kamau (2022-04-20T16:59:01.827Z) Over a year ago          This does not address the question, which is how to specify a different .env file, but instead provides a workaround, which is not useful for the vast majority of viewers who are looking for a solution to the question as asked for a variety of reasons 2022-04-20T16:59:01.827Z+00:00    2      Reply                Add a comment            This answer is useful 20  (This answer is not useful)         Save this answer. (Loading when this answer was accepted…)  (https://stackoverflow.com/posts/67495905/timeline)    Show activity on this post.   The --env-file command-line argument and the env_file docker-compose.yml variable specify the env file to use for the container, not for the container build. To set a different file (e.g. alt.env ) for the build itself, use this: env $(cat alt.env) docker-compose up --build     (https://stackoverflow.com/a/67495905) (Short permalink to this answer) Share   (https://stackoverflow.com/posts/67495905/edit) Improve this answer  Follow  Follow this answer to receive notifications      answered (2021-05-12 00:29:04Z) May 12, 2021 at 0:29   (https://stackoverflow.com/users/3462615/peter-kionga-kamau) (Peter Kionga-Kamau's user avatar)    (https://stackoverflow.com/users/3462615/peter-kionga-kamau) Peter Kionga-Kamau Peter Kionga-Kamau (reputation score) 7,186 (2 gold badges)  2  2 gold badges (22 silver badges)  22  22 silver badges (16 bronze badges)  16  16 bronze badges        5 Comments    Add a comment    (https://stackoverflow.com/users/1454536/parity3)   parity3 (https://stackoverflow.com/users/1454536/parity3) parity3 (2021-10-29T20:02:59.897Z) Over a year ago          I'm not seeing the distinction about --env-file only applying to service deploy and not build, mentioned anywhere in the documentation: (https://docs.docker.com/compose/environment-variables/#using-the---env-file--option) docs.docker.com/compose/environment-variables/… This seems like really odd behavior. But after digging some more, the use of the env-file has been broken on v2 for years now: (https://github.com/docker/compose/issues/8515) github.com/docker/compose/issues/8515  2021-10-29T20:02:59.897Z+00:00    3      Reply               (https://stackoverflow.com/users/3462615/peter-kionga-kamau)   Peter Kionga-Kamau (https://stackoverflow.com/users/3462615/peter-kionga-kamau) Peter Kionga-Kamau (2021-10-31T10:11:21.817Z) Over a year ago          Correct, it is not a documented behavior. 2021-10-31T10:11:21.817Z+00:00    2      Reply               (https://stackoverflow.com/users/9090840/gustav-streicher)   Gustav Streicher (https://stackoverflow.com/users/9090840/gustav-streicher) Gustav Streicher (2024-07-21T15:09:54.073Z) Over a year ago          @PeterKionga-Kamau This behaviour is not specific to Docker, it's specific to the shell. More specifically it's how the env command works. So, if you want to read up on it, then checkout the man pages for the env command. You can do that locally by running man env . 2024-07-21T15:09:54.073Z+00:00    0      Reply               (https://stackoverflow.com/users/3462615/peter-kionga-kamau)   Peter Kionga-Kamau (https://stackoverflow.com/users/3462615/peter-kionga-kamau) Peter Kionga-Kamau (2024-07-22T22:31:39.077Z) Over a year ago  (Edited 4 times)             @GustavStreicher That is not what I am talking about. I am indicating that there is a distinction between build and runtime environments 2024-07-22T22:31:39.077Z+00:00    1      Reply               (https://stackoverflow.com/users/9090840/gustav-streicher)   Gustav Streicher (https://stackoverflow.com/users/9090840/gustav-streicher) Gustav Streicher (2024-07-29T21:58:15.477Z) Over a year ago          @PeterKionga-Kamau I see. 2024-07-29T21:58:15.477Z+00:00    0      Reply                Add a comment           This answer is useful 7  (This answer is not useful)         Save this answer. (Loading when this answer was accepted…)  (https://stackoverflow.com/posts/51224066/timeline)    Show activity on this post.   According to the (https://docs.docker.com/compose/env-file/) documentation , it's now possible to load an environment file (contrary to a per-service file), docker-compose will then export the env variables defined in this env file prior to starting any service, they can then be used in the docker-compose.yml config file itself: version: "3.7" services: node: environment: APP_ENV: "${APP_ENV}" NODE_ENV: "${NODE_ENV}" ports: - "${HOST_EXPOSED_NODEJS_DEBUG_PORT}:9229" volumes: - type: bind source: ./project target: /var/www/project read_only: false   Since (https://github.com/docker/compose/issues/6170) docker-compose 1.25 it's also possible to specify a custom .env file with the (https://docs.docker.com/compose/environment-variables/) --env-file flag (unfortunately it's currently not possible to specify (https://github.com/docker/compose/issues/7847) multiple .env files with the --env-file flag )   (https://stackoverflow.com/a/51224066) (Short permalink to this answer) Share   (https://stackoverflow.com/posts/51224066/edit) Improve this answer  Follow  Follow this answer to receive notifications      (https://stackoverflow.com/posts/51224066/revisions) (show all edits to this post) edited (2020-11-26 15:11:50Z) Nov 26, 2020 at 15:11    (https://stackoverflow.com/users/6853836/madforfunandhappy) (MADforFUNandHappy's user avatar)    (https://stackoverflow.com/users/6853836/madforfunandhappy) MADforFUNandHappy (reputation score) 567 (7 silver badges)  7  7 silver badges (25 bronze badges)  25  25 bronze badges     answered (2018-07-07 14:19:53Z) Jul 7, 2018 at 14:19   (https://stackoverflow.com/users/218182/harel-moshe) (Harel Moshe's user avatar)    (https://stackoverflow.com/users/218182/harel-moshe) Harel Moshe Harel Moshe (reputation score) 454 (7 silver badges)  7  7 silver badges (21 bronze badges)  21  21 bronze badges        7 Comments    Add a comment    (https://stackoverflow.com/users/3462615/peter-kionga-kamau)   Peter Kionga-Kamau (https://stackoverflow.com/users/3462615/peter-kionga-kamau) Peter Kionga-Kamau (2022-04-20T17:00:39.653Z) Over a year ago  (Edited 1 time)             This is misleading. --env-file is for specifying environment variables for the container, not for specifying values to substitute in docker-compose.yml. 2022-04-20T17:00:39.653Z+00:00    7      Reply               (https://stackoverflow.com/users/9090840/gustav-streicher)   Gustav Streicher (https://stackoverflow.com/users/9090840/gustav-streicher) Gustav Streicher (2024-07-21T15:02:57.933Z) Over a year ago  (Edited 1 time)             @PeterKionga-Kamau Nope. If you are using the docker run command directly, then the --env-file flag sets the environment for the container you are directly spinning up. If you are using the docker compose command, then the --env-file flag sets the environment for the pre-parsing step on the compose.yml file. 2024-07-21T15:02:57.933Z+00:00    0      Reply               (https://stackoverflow.com/users/3462615/peter-kionga-kamau)   Peter Kionga-Kamau (https://stackoverflow.com/users/3462615/peter-kionga-kamau) Peter Kionga-Kamau (2024-07-22T22:37:27.113Z) Over a year ago  (Edited 2 times)             @GustavStreicher Not relevant - Docker compose specifically does NOT use docker run , it is a different thing altogether. Please refer to the docker compose (https://docs.docker.com/compose/) documentation . 2024-07-22T22:37:27.113Z+00:00    0      Reply               (https://stackoverflow.com/users/9090840/gustav-streicher)   Gustav Streicher (https://stackoverflow.com/users/9090840/gustav-streicher) Gustav Streicher (2024-07-29T21:55:02.863Z) Over a year ago          @PeterKionga-Kamau I'm literally referring to the use of docker compose and docker run as separate commands in my previous comment. So, I'm not sure what you are disagreeing with. When using the docker compose command, the --env-file means one thing. When using the docker run command, the --env-file means something else. That's exactly what my previous comment says. 2024-07-29T21:55:02.863Z+00:00    0      Reply               (https://stackoverflow.com/users/9090840/gustav-streicher)   Gustav Streicher (https://stackoverflow.com/users/9090840/gustav-streicher) Gustav Streicher (2024-07-29T22:02:59.247Z) Over a year ago          @PeterKionga-Kamau My comment is relevant because I'm pointing out that your expected behaviour only works if you are using the docker run command. If you are using the docker compose command then your expected behaviour no longer holds, and then I explain what actually happens. 2024-07-29T22:02:59.247Z+00:00    1      Reply                Add a comment | Show 2 more comments        Your Answer                                                  Draft saved Draft discarded    Sign up or (https://stackoverflow.com/users/login?ssrc=question_page&returnurl=https%3a%2f%2fstackoverflow.com%2fquestions%2f40525230%2fspecify-the-env-file-docker-compose-uses%23new-answer) log in       Sign up using Google     Sign up using Email and Password   Submit Post as a guest Name    Email Required, but never shown         Post as a guest Name () ()    Email Required, but never shown   () ()      Post Your Answer  Discard  By clicking “Post Your Answer”, you agree to our (https://stackoverflow.com/legal/terms-of-service/public) terms of service and acknowledge you have read our (https://stackoverflow.com/legal/privacy-policy) privacy policy .     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