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        before being able to downvote. Casting downvotes indicate issues with quality, effort, or accuracay of a post. (https://stackoverflow.com/help/whats-reputation) What's reputation and how do I get it?  Instead, you can try suggesting an edit to improve the post.   Suggest edit No thanks           (https://cdn.sstatic.net/Sites/stackoverflow/Img/apple-touch-icon.png?v=c78bd457575a) (/questions/49641685/nginx-resolver-dns) nginx resolver -- dns  (/questions/ask) Ask Question     (2018-04-04 02:11:38Z) Asked 7 years ago  Modified (?lastactivity) (2021-12-08 18:22:44Z) 3 years, 4 months ago  (Viewed 72,466 times) Viewed 72k times         This question shows research effort; it is useful and clear  (70:3:31e,16:b6ab0cce14e24866,10:1745103739,16:5756e9336cdc7520,8:49641685,c79086beca46cba49fdbcbe9781c6bbbcd5382c98f27da73fa16e23969659c3b) 30  (This question does not show any research effort; it is unclear or not useful)    (70:3:31e,16:4785aa88e664fe6e,10:1745103739,16:41a11dfda3c8e8ff,8:49641685,a6659079cdd713c58e9726ad7efd109eebec51d80d2574bba402ed2131d0dcff)      Save this question.  (/posts/49641685/timeline)    Show activity on this post.    Please excuse a very beginner question.  I'm having trouble understanding the nginx 'resolver' parameter and how it works. I have read the documentation, searched tutorials and posts (using keywords like resolver, nginx, and dns), and I'm still not sure how to apply resolver.  (http://nginx.org/en/docs/http/ngx_http_core_module.html#resolver) http://nginx.org/en/docs/http/ngx_http_core_module.html#resolver  "Configures name servers used to resolve names of upstream servers into addresses...."  By this definition, it seems to be simply doing the nameserver's job. resolver ns1.myhost.com ns2.myhost.com; But the examples point to
an internal/private IP address.  "An address can be specified as a domain name or IP address, and an optional port...."  This implies that I could resolver example.com
www.example.com; (or resolver 12.34.56.78; ) but again, I see no such examples in the documentation.   As a practical example, let's say — purely hypothetically :) — that I'm building a simple web server with a couple of server blocks on it.  Do I set 'resolver' to the IP of the server itself? Or an internal IP in the server's LAN? The documentation seems to suggest an internal IP (127.x.x.x or 10.x.x.x) — but how to set/determine what that IP is?   (/questions/tagged/nginx) (show questions tagged 'nginx') nginx  (/questions/tagged/dns) (show questions tagged 'dns') dns  (/questions/tagged/resolver) (show questions tagged 'resolver') resolver      (/q/49641685) (Short permalink to this question) Share  Share a link to this question     Copy link (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/) (The current license for this post: CC BY-SA 4.0) CC BY-SA 4.0     (/posts/49641685/edit) () Improve this question  Follow (70:3:31e,16:d6f7093444acf9b0,10:1745103739,16:d52afca4c902f72c,8:49641685,5c0dd482b46dba306abe21753961fe79e6d6d1bee67a6f92de36efa176d04d09)  Follow this question to receive notifications       (/posts/49641685/revisions) (show all edits to this post) edited (2019-06-26 16:54:36Z) Jun 26, 2019 at 16:54    (/users/1721265/guntbert) (guntbert's user avatar)    (/users/1721265/guntbert) guntbert (reputation score) 536 (6 silver badges)  6  6 silver badges (19 bronze badges)  19  19 bronze badges     asked (2018-04-04 02:11:38Z) Apr 4, 2018 at 2:11   (/users/8005942/geekomancer) (Geekomancer's user avatar)    (/users/8005942/geekomancer) Geekomancer Geekomancer (reputation score) 489 (1 gold badge)  1  1 gold badge (4 silver badges)  4  4 silver badges (12 bronze badges)  12  12 bronze badges           (Use comments to ask for more information or suggest improvements. Avoid answering questions in comments.) Add a comment |  (Expand to show all comments on this post)          3 Answers 3   Sorted by:  (/questions/49641685/nginx-resolver-dns?answertab=scoredesc#tab-top) Reset to default   (scoredesc) Highest score (default)  (trending) Trending (recent votes count more)  (modifieddesc) Date modified (newest first)  (createdasc) Date created (oldest first)            This answer is useful  (70:3:31e,16:795bb7e9f6363f46,10:1745103739,16:4a698572d46ab4f9,8:49642310,d7eebc1ac67627054d5d877a69ea33ccbebade818ce427ec5d09c218302f8916) 31  (This answer is not useful)    (70:3:31e,16:4b0a9df3fdc744a1,10:1745103739,16:21a1c2ce107902a9,8:49642310,dad8c57f9d790e9864e1f120041aae41904f017f9393cc05a4ea8f704e664fa6)      Save this answer.  (Loading when this answer was accepted…)     (/posts/49642310/timeline)    Show activity on this post.    Resolve means which DNS server nginx should refer to when it has to resolve an external url. If you have a config like below location / {
    proxy_pass http://www.example.com/abc/def; 
}   Now by default nginx will pick your resolver from the host /etc/resolv.conf , but it may not be what you need. If you want to use the Google DNS resolver, then you will update your nginx config like below: location / {
    resolver 8.8.8.8;
    proxy_pass http://www.example.com/abc/def; 
}   If you are using a local DNS resolver to route within your local network, then you may use something like below: location / {
    resolver 192.168.11.10;
    proxy_pass http://machineabc/abc/def; 
}     (/a/49642310) (Short permalink to this answer) Share  Share a link to this answer     Copy link (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/) (The current license for this post: CC BY-SA 4.0) CC BY-SA 4.0     (/posts/49642310/edit) () Improve this answer  Follow (70:3:31e,16:c10e628027190256,10:1745103739,16:b7df765b1f9cab9d,8:49642310,c4bb9e3d848931106ac7e5d42248000de326d92a899be60c6465bdaeb409ea61)  Follow this answer to receive notifications       (/posts/49642310/revisions) (show all edits to this post) edited (2021-12-08 18:22:44Z) Dec 8, 2021 at 18:22    (/users/7487335/josh-correia) (Josh Correia's user avatar)    (/users/7487335/josh-correia) Josh Correia (reputation score) 4,363 (3 gold badges)  3  3 gold badges (42 silver badges)  42  42 silver badges (63 bronze badges)  63  63 bronze badges     answered (2018-04-04 03:30:46Z) Apr 4, 2018 at 3:30   (/users/2830850/tarun-lalwani) (Tarun Lalwani's user avatar)    (/users/2830850/tarun-lalwani) Tarun Lalwani Tarun Lalwani (reputation score 146,720) 147k (11 gold badges)  11  11 gold badges (213 silver badges)  213  213 silver badges (276 bronze badges)  276  276 bronze badges        1 (number of 'useful comment' votes received) 3   Note: If the host part of proxy_pass is defined statically (i.e. the host doesn't need to be looked up in a variable) as in the example proxy_pass http://machineabc/abc/def , then the host will be resolved once and that time will be during NGNIX startup/reload. See the answers on (https://serverfault.com/q/240476/203726) "How to force nginx to resolve DNS (of a dynamic hostname) everytime when doing proxy_pass?" on Server Fault for more details. – (/users/2732969/anon) (7,233 reputation) Anon  Commented (2019-08-08 02:50:38Z, License: CC BY-SA 4.0) Aug 8, 2019 at 2:50        (Use comments to ask for more information or suggest improvements. Avoid comments like “+1” or “thanks”.) Add a comment |  (Expand to show all comments on this post)             This answer is useful  (70:3:31e,16:e83f9e1a3229e423,10:1745103739,16:62b6ea51b4f593f0,8:51051679,bfa02f7cf150dd68e7e887672ab7f990d77e2dc480b44a799ec1dd30df6a9b53) 10  (This answer is not useful)    (70:3:31e,16:2db7fa0266eb175f,10:1745103739,16:5b9198cd06b26837,8:51051679,6b85d826b38fa4c73126a47afe7bdfbc25cfda9c9d3741530cb7eb080efdb5a9)      Save this answer.  (Loading when this answer was accepted…)     (/posts/51051679/timeline)    Show activity on this post.    "Resolver" parameter defines the location of DNS server that nginx must use in order to resolve the IP of the URL passed under proxy_pass; As explained by Tarun, by default nginx will pick your resolver from the host /etc/resolv.conf and once resolved, it will cache the IP. Resolver is mostly used in two cases:1. Either in a private network, to resolve the IP's that exist in your network. 2. Or used at a place where the IP of your proxy_pass or upstream location changes very frequently and you cannot rely upon nginx cached IP. In the example you specified, the resolver will be the IP of the DNS server that could resolve your location. This could be either of : 1) 127.0.0.1 : If the web server itself is a DNS server, for this you need to setup DNS server on port 53(default) of this server. 2) x.x.x.x : The IP of the DNS server hosted in, either in your private network or any public DNS server if your URL's are publicly accessible. One may use 8.8.8.8 (Google's public DNS server). 3) You specified 10.x.x.x : Assuming that you were referring the AWS documentation. If not, in general, 10.x.x.x again needs to be a DNS server IP, which in case of AWS is 10.0.0.2. AWS reserves a few IP's of its VPC's and the second IP x.x.x.2 is reserved for DNS server. Note that in case your VPC is not 10.0.0.0/16, this IP will change accordingly. Eg: Lets say your VPC is 10.192.0.0/16, then you will be using 10.192.0.2 as resolver.  For above ref to (https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonVPC/latest/UserGuide/VPC_Subnets.html) https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonVPC/latest/UserGuide/VPC_Subnets.html  (https://www.jethrocarr.com/2013/11/02/nginx-reverse-proxies-and-dns-resolution/) https://www.jethrocarr.com/2013/11/02/nginx-reverse-proxies-and-dns-resolution/    (/a/51051679) (Short permalink to this answer) Share  Share a link to this answer     Copy link (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/) (The current license for this post: CC BY-SA 4.0) CC BY-SA 4.0     (/posts/51051679/edit) () Improve this answer  Follow (70:3:31e,16:bb452f16ce87735b,10:1745103739,16:30a69f1be917412d,8:51051679,ed98a338a9fa1ae509d0b9959a30e0b9c1b131ab392b21c7ac32c25ce0ea0c51)  Follow this answer to receive notifications       answered (2018-06-26 21:35:31Z) Jun 26, 2018 at 21:35   (/users/9675043/nishith-kulshrestha) (Nishith Kulshrestha's user avatar)    (/users/9675043/nishith-kulshrestha) Nishith Kulshrestha Nishith Kulshrestha (reputation score) 146 (1 silver badge)  1  1 silver badge (4 bronze badges)  4  4 bronze badges           (Use comments to ask for more information or suggest improvements. Avoid comments like “+1” or “thanks”.) Add a comment |  (Expand to show all comments on this post)          This answer is useful  (70:3:31e,16:c19df47d1ac061a6,10:1745103739,16:cd6776984d2227d0,8:64461780,d2e8663145ce125c38a58614caea6dfac2c84dcf96ef8bb535c95ee868ae4447) -2  (This answer is not useful)    (70:3:31e,16:419b6336d9bfd4f7,10:1745103739,16:99d3c9821f56fd33,8:64461780,5d9eb79bdc9ea71984f40f062c1358b8318a2667f491a63cfae26088dfb6455f)      Save this answer.  (Loading when this answer was accepted…)     (/posts/64461780/timeline)    Show activity on this post.    There is another way to make this, if you want to set manually the resolution, without using external tools like bind9 or dnsmasq location / {
    set $upstream 12.34.56.78;  # desired IP resolution
    proxy_pass  http://$upstream:8080; # desired port
    proxy_set_header Host example.com; # desired host
}     (/a/64461780) (Short permalink to this answer) Share  Share a link to this answer     Copy link (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/) (The current license for this post: CC BY-SA 4.0) CC BY-SA 4.0     (/posts/64461780/edit) () Improve this answer  Follow (70:3:31e,16:53ccb776f8eda6ae,10:1745103739,16:ee64f7620409d6b8,8:64461780,668e045a9fe79bdeaff3bd4e499f20aee3f36b35f4de35d63016de01f7bda8f4)  Follow this answer to receive notifications       answered (2020-10-21 10:37:00Z) Oct 21, 2020 at 10:37   (/users/2249359/hayashi) (Hayashi's user avatar)    (/users/2249359/hayashi) Hayashi Hayashi (reputation score) 1        1 (number of 'useful comment' votes received) 2   This is irrelevant for the asked question, and better done with upstream backend { server 12.34.56.78; } because rewrite module directives (set) are known to produce unexpected behavior in more complex cases. – (/users/73957/temoto) (5,587 reputation) temoto  Commented (2020-11-04 12:31:56Z, License: CC BY-SA 4.0) Nov 4, 2020 at 12:31        (Use comments to ask for more information or suggest improvements. 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