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(/questions/ask) Ask Question (2014-05-16 04:06:20Z) Asked 10 years, 9 months ago Modified (?lastactivity) (2024-10-07 21:02:51Z) 4 months ago (Viewed 225,725 times) Viewed 226k times This question shows research effort; it is useful and clear (70:3:31e,16:33cf0019368379a6,10:1740473049,16:7ab87c582cfac0b5,8:23692470,f7bad72e49fe5b065ba7f19446cbef3339de81d4fb18ac946d283749402816a3) 129 (This question does not show any research effort; it is unclear or not useful) (70:3:31e,16:076e14d9a55f352b,10:1740473049,16:f2a37fe64233f92a,8:23692470,e8c278476367a4b71d77b4623915c4b15cfe002f3e5c1e8eef594539aeab4986) Save this question. (/posts/23692470/timeline) Show activity on this post. I have built a base image from Dockerfile named centos+ssh. In centos+ssh's Dockerfile, I use CMD to run ssh service. Then I want to build a image run other service named rabbitmq,the Dockerfile: FROM centos+ssh EXPOSE 22 EXPOSE 4149 CMD /opt/mq/sbin/rabbitmq-server start To start rabbitmq container，run： docker run -d -p 222:22 -p 4149:4149 rabbitmq but ssh service doesn't work, it sense rabbitmq's Dockerfile CMD override centos's CMD. How does CMD work inside docker image? If I want to run multiple service, how to? Using supervisor? (/questions/tagged/docker) (show questions tagged 'docker') docker (/questions/tagged/docker-cmd) (show questions tagged 'docker-cmd') docker-cmd (/q/23692470) (Short permalink to this question) Share Share a link to this question Copy link (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/) (The current license for this post: CC BY-SA 3.0) CC BY-SA 3.0 (/posts/23692470/edit) () Improve this question Follow (70:3:31e,16:92c13720fbbd75ab,10:1740473049,16:7f479b1f0a7e8c30,8:23692470,1b437d04ec147423cb9ed124eda8b0ece5d6fde732dd4b077c2f9e35889d2fff) Follow this question to receive notifications (/posts/23692470/revisions) (show all edits to this post) edited (2024-04-17 17:22:47Z) Apr 17, 2024 at 17:22 (/users/580724/anil) (Anil's user avatar) (/users/580724/anil) Anil (reputation score) 2,554 (6 gold badges) 6 6 gold badges (33 silver badges) 33 33 silver badges (45 bronze badges) 45 45 bronze badges asked (2014-05-16 04:06:20Z) May 16, 2014 at 4:06 (/users/2923142/edwardsbean) (edwardsbean's user avatar) (/users/2923142/edwardsbean) edwardsbean edwardsbean (reputation score) 3,779 (5 gold badges) 5 5 gold badges (23 silver badges) 23 23 silver badges (25 bronze badges) 25 25 bronze badges (Use comments to ask for more information or suggest improvements. Avoid answering questions in comments.) Add a comment | (Expand to show all comments on this post) 6 Answers 6 Sorted by: (/questions/23692470/why-cant-i-use-docker-cmd-multiple-times-to-run-multiple-services?answertab=scoredesc#tab-top) Reset to default (scoredesc) Highest score (default) (trending) Trending (recent votes count more) (modifieddesc) Date modified (newest first) (createdasc) Date created (oldest first) This answer is useful (70:3:31e,16:ad9d04b1739c611a,10:1740473049,16:bef9fc4e4c6a12d9,8:23693804,cebc3777d52166af8dd3714444f1b859bf30dda74fcc49d64b071561bcfd65b5) 162 (This answer is not useful) (70:3:31e,16:73ee3cb438c69553,10:1740473049,16:f023b53f1268269b,8:23693804,4e3567d21ccd1ab8a7fd4700732664b18c85054d17f3e619f43cb0d82b1472a3) Save this answer. (Loading when this answer was accepted…) (/posts/23693804/timeline) Show activity on this post. You are right, the second Dockerfile will overwrite the CMD command of the first one. Docker will always run a single command, not more. So at the end of your Dockerfile, you can specify one command to run. Not more. But you can execute both commands in one line: FROM centos+ssh EXPOSE 22 EXPOSE 4149 CMD service sshd start && /opt/mq/sbin/rabbitmq-server start What you could also do to make your Dockerfile a little bit cleaner, you could put your CMD commands to an extra file: FROM centos+ssh EXPOSE 22 EXPOSE 4149 CMD sh /home/centos/all_your_commands.sh And a file like this: service sshd start & /opt/mq/sbin/rabbitmq-server start (/a/23693804) (Short permalink to this answer) Share Share a link to this answer Copy link (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/) (The current license for this post: CC BY-SA 3.0) CC BY-SA 3.0 (/posts/23693804/edit) () Improve this answer Follow (70:3:31e,16:eb03f195ab2bdd1e,10:1740473049,16:ac46db832e28e147,8:23693804,8a8dfbcc01c7a1f16ae36e8197c3f656d50f4c726da2b96b527fe4eb8756a355) Follow this answer to receive notifications answered (2014-05-16 06:21:17Z) May 16, 2014 at 6:21 (/users/847064/thomas-uhrig) (Thomas Uhrig's user avatar) (/users/847064/thomas-uhrig) Thomas Uhrig Thomas Uhrig (reputation score 31,603) 31.6k (13 gold badges) 13 13 gold badges (63 silver badges) 63 63 silver badges (80 bronze badges) 80 80 bronze badges 7 (number of 'useful comment' votes received) 1 thanks, i think use supervisor is　better.but why docker only run one CMD?what happen inside? – (/users/2923142/edwardsbean) (3,779 reputation) edwardsbean Commented (2014-05-17 02:38:20Z, License: CC BY-SA 3.0) May 17, 2014 at 2:38 (number of 'useful comment' votes received) 3 I do not know what is happening inside. But I think it is just designed like that. When you have an image and run a command in it (e.g. with CMD), it starts a container. The container runs as long as the command runs. And as soon as the command finishes, the container also stops. So each container represents one single (running) command. – (/users/847064/thomas-uhrig) (31,603 reputation) Thomas Uhrig Commented (2014-05-17 09:48:49Z, License: CC BY-SA 3.0) May 17, 2014 at 9:48 i think maybe it because of lcx or something's limit – (/users/2923142/edwardsbean) (3,779 reputation) edwardsbean Commented (2014-05-21 15:54:11Z, License: CC BY-SA 3.0) May 21, 2014 at 15:54 (number of 'useful comment' votes received) 2 @Tyguy7 .. (http://seethrumag.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/BUT-WHY-meme-45000-300x157.jpg) because ................ ? – (/users/390722/michael-m) (8,763 reputation) Michael M Commented (2019-02-27 23:00:17Z, License: CC BY-SA 4.0) Feb 27, 2019 at 23:00 (this comment was edited 1 time) (number of 'useful comment' votes received) 6 && technique will work only with non-interactive services (that can start in background) else only the first one will run. – (/users/5511315/noraj) (4,642 reputation) noraj Commented (2019-11-11 17:03:08Z, License: CC BY-SA 4.0) Nov 11, 2019 at 17:03 (Use comments to ask for more information or suggest improvements. Avoid comments like “+1” or “thanks”.) | (Expand to show all comments on this post) Show 2 more comments This answer is useful (70:3:31e,16:92fee0f2195be4a4,10:1740473049,16:596f542d80700a94,8:23721303,13a42d98cee760fc0e1f9e88954c13291fc6e858c78cb229f35687e1560f6385) 73 (This answer is not useful) (70:3:31e,16:d742f640744109cf,10:1740473049,16:5d9a7bf366f6a6da,8:23721303,d1fb99575617f6621b43de53560a78884a850cf81fe755b7d402a52b3884c27f) Save this answer. (Loading when this answer was accepted…) (/posts/23721303/timeline) Show activity on this post. Even though CMD is written down in the Dockerfile, it really is runtime information. Just like EXPOSE, but contrary to e.g. RUN and ADD. By this, I mean that you can override it later, in an extending Dockerfile, or simple in your run command, which is what you are experiencing. At all times, there can be only one CMD. If you want to run multiple services, I indeed would use supervisor. You can make a supervisor configuration file for each service, ADD these in a directory, and run the supervisor with supervisord -c /etc/supervisor to point to a supervisor configuration file which loads all your services and looks like [supervisord] nodaemon=true [include] files = /etc/supervisor/conf.d/*.conf If you would like more details, I wrote a blog on this subject here: (http://blog.trifork.com/2014/03/11/using-supervisor-with-docker-to-manage-processes-supporting-image-inheritance/) http://blog.trifork.com/2014/03/11/using-supervisor-with-docker-to-manage-processes-supporting-image-inheritance/ (/a/23721303) (Short permalink to this answer) Share Share a link to this answer Copy link (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/) (The current license for this post: CC BY-SA 3.0) CC BY-SA 3.0 (/posts/23721303/edit) () Improve this answer Follow (70:3:31e,16:8dbd006a03766363,10:1740473049,16:74028236a39c8f13,8:23721303,221142a001d7bd15f0ea8e24ea34cbb5fa7b31af66322782db2b2be356c483fa) Follow this answer to receive notifications answered (2014-05-18 11:17:39Z) May 18, 2014 at 11:17 (/users/1449361/qkrijger) (qkrijger's user avatar) (/users/1449361/qkrijger) qkrijger qkrijger (reputation score 27,246) 27.2k (6 gold badges) 6 6 gold badges (38 silver badges) 38 38 silver badges (37 bronze badges) 37 37 bronze badges 2 Thanks,supervisor is a good idea,but i'm wonder how does CMD work inside docker image – (/users/2923142/edwardsbean) (3,779 reputation) edwardsbean Commented (2014-05-18 12:51:30Z, License: CC BY-SA 3.0) May 18, 2014 at 12:51 (number of 'useful comment' votes received) 2 You asked two question, 2. on running multiple services. On wondering how CMD works, please elaborate on what you want to know specifically. I already mentioned it being runtime information and being overwritten by any new CMD. – (/users/1449361/qkrijger) (27,246 reputation) qkrijger Commented (2014-05-20 08:36:12Z, License: CC BY-SA 3.0) May 20, 2014 at 8:36 (Use comments to ask for more information or suggest improvements. Avoid comments like “+1” or “thanks”.) Add a comment | (Expand to show all comments on this post) This answer is useful (70:3:31e,16:d437d16f48cbf645,10:1740473049,16:599fad86002b4061,8:34954856,da0b1239acdbffd39a34b27492716920876f92c96b334d92a3e7799ade4de8ea) 30 (This answer is not useful) (70:3:31e,16:3f53f202db42162b,10:1740473049,16:13090c763bc75685,8:34954856,0d8fc81aff0ac0bc0afd03b392b60bce6b927f2c6999d6e98a0d784bfada9c16) Save this answer. (Loading when this answer was accepted…) (/posts/34954856/timeline) Show activity on this post. While I respect the answer from qkrijger explaining how you can work around this issue I think there is a lot more we can learn about what's going on here ... To actually answer your question of "why " ... I think it would for helpful for you to understand how the docker stop command works and that all processes should be shutdown cleanly to prevent problems when you try to restart them (file corruption etc). Problem: What if docker did start SSH from it's command and started RabbitMQ from your Docker file? "(https://www.ctl.io/developers/blog/post/gracefully-stopping-docker-containers/) The docker stop command attempts to stop a running container first by sending a SIGTERM signal to the root process (PID 1) in the container. " Which process is docker tracking as PID 1 that will get the SIGTERM? Will it be SSH or Rabbit?? (https://github.com/phusion/baseimage-docker#overview) "According to the Unix process model, the init process -- PID 1 -- inherits all orphaned child processes and must reap them. Most Docker containers do not have an init process that does this correctly, and as a result their containers become filled with zombie processes over time." Answer: Docker simply takes that last CMD as the one that will get launched as the root process with PID 1 and get the SIGTERM from docker stop . Suggested solution: You should use (or create) a base image specifically made for running more than one service, such as (https://hub.docker.com/r/phusion/baseimage/) phusion/baseimage It should be important to note that (https://github.com/krallin/tini) tini exists exactly for this reason, and as of Docker 1.13 and up, tini is officially part of Docker, which tells us that running more than one process in Docker IS VALID .. so even if someone (https://github.com/Tecnativa/doodba/issues/135) claims to be more skilled regarding Docker, and insists that you absurd for thinking of doing this, know that you are not. There are perfectly valid situations for doing so. Good to know: (https://blog.phusion.nl/2015/01/20/docker-and-the-pid-1-zombie-reaping-problem/) https://blog.phusion.nl/2015/01/20/docker-and-the-pid-1-zombie-reaping-problem/ (http://www.techbar.me/stopping-docker-containers-gracefully/) http://www.techbar.me/stopping-docker-containers-gracefully/ (https://www.ctl.io/developers/blog/post/gracefully-stopping-docker-containers/) https://www.ctl.io/developers/blog/post/gracefully-stopping-docker-containers/ (https://github.com/phusion/baseimage-docker#docker_single_process) https://github.com/phusion/baseimage-docker#docker_single_process (/a/34954856) (Short permalink to this answer) Share Share a link to this answer Copy link (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/) (The current license for this post: CC BY-SA 4.0) CC BY-SA 4.0 (/posts/34954856/edit) () Improve this answer Follow (70:3:31e,16:635bfe2eab6a00b8,10:1740473049,16:ab46dd9de732f462,8:34954856,90d9f1306c670ca9f7641bd006f9162a0a4e0dcf7e60217c6343eb31a5659043) Follow this answer to receive notifications (/posts/34954856/revisions) (show all edits to this post) edited (2018-08-28 19:21:07Z) Aug 28, 2018 at 19:21 answered (2016-01-22 19:54:17Z) Jan 22, 2016 at 19:54 (/users/390722/michael-m) (Michael M's user avatar) (/users/390722/michael-m) Michael M Michael M (reputation score) 8,763 (2 gold badges) 2 2 gold badges (37 silver badges) 37 37 silver badges (54 bronze badges) 54 54 bronze badges 0 (Use comments to ask for more information or suggest improvements. Avoid comments like “+1” or “thanks”.) Add a comment | (Expand to show all comments on this post) This answer is useful (70:3:31e,16:b8196037866e9f13,10:1740473049,16:4a3b05ba9057309c,8:58805795,99bb611590c1b25fafa7514f6523522e17a13e97f197b3272a6c73e265852466) 6 (This answer is not useful) (70:3:31e,16:4ca3baee4b0c4555,10:1740473049,16:1b91e549d00a4d17,8:58805795,e6dbd9734f1f99fc204c7c7354aac2ad047bbabccd7fe8a98c32540c5ebc3b97) Save this answer. (Loading when this answer was accepted…) (/posts/58805795/timeline) Show activity on this post. The official docker answer to (https://docs.docker.com/config/containers/multi-service_container/) Run multiple services in a container . It explains how you can do it with an init system (systemd, sysvinit, upstart) , a script (CMD ./my_wrapper_script.sh ) or a supervisor like supervisord . The && workaround can work only for services that starts in background (daemons) or that will execute quickly without interaction and release the prompt. Doing this with an interactive service (that keeps the prompt) and only the first service will start. (/a/58805795) (Short permalink to this answer) Share Share a link to this answer Copy link (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/) (The current license for this post: CC BY-SA 4.0) CC BY-SA 4.0 (/posts/58805795/edit) () Improve this answer Follow (70:3:31e,16:438dc4dacb989ff1,10:1740473049,16:c37cded80a7e6aeb,8:58805795,476572084a95e40ea7c55b892ffe354f460ae9ae8f090f99d2d6f4bcba383125) Follow this answer to receive notifications (/posts/58805795/revisions) (show all edits to this post) edited (2019-11-11 17:29:20Z) Nov 11, 2019 at 17:29 answered (2019-11-11 17:10:51Z) Nov 11, 2019 at 17:10 (/users/5511315/noraj) (noraj's user avatar) (/users/5511315/noraj) noraj noraj (reputation score) 4,642 (1 gold badge) 1 1 gold badge (36 silver badges) 36 36 silver badges (41 bronze badges) 41 41 bronze badges 1 "The following is a naive example" – (/users/339144/klaas-van-schelven) (2,528 reputation) Klaas van Schelven Commented (2024-08-27 10:46:58Z, License: CC BY-SA 4.0) Aug 27, 2024 at 10:46 (Use comments to ask for more information or suggest improvements. Avoid comments like “+1” or “thanks”.) Add a comment | (Expand to show all comments on this post) This answer is useful (70:3:31e,16:412539ae2ae356ca,10:1740473049,16:1fe6001fc52440d2,8:78928235,5a3b69a870fb2d3350c7ca6606b44bf2c9ce18823c205d0da2abbb01c64c324c) 1 (This answer is not useful) (70:3:31e,16:058c710eb7aaa92d,10:1740473049,16:ba20945aacd167e0,8:78928235,7cfc845a11eef8939346f8bd6969bc744cf773632230b5989af5c51aa9034b9d) Save this answer. (Loading when this answer was accepted…) (/posts/78928235/timeline) Show activity on this post. Building on Michael's explanation, I’d like to suggest an alternative approach using a tool I wrote called (https://github.com/bugsink/monofy/) monofy . It's a Python-based solution designed to manage multiple processes within a single Docker container, ensuring they start, run, and stop together. How It Works Single Parent Process: monofy runs as the parent, starting all your services as child processes. This allows for proper signal handling, forwarding signals like SIGTERM to all child processes for a clean shutdown. Unified Logging: It consolidates stdout and stderr from all child processes, simplifying monitoring. Connected Fate: If one process exits, monofy terminates all other processes, ensuring they stop together. Example Implementation Consider you have two services, service1 and service2 , tightly coupled within your application. Here’s how you could modify your Dockerfile: FROM python:3.12 RUN pip install monofy CMD ["monofy", "service1", "|||", "service2"] This setup runs both service1 and service2 in a single container with proper process management, logging, and shutdown handling—without extra tools like supervisor or phusion/baseimage . (/a/78928235) (Short permalink to this answer) Share Share a link to this answer Copy link (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/) (The current license for this post: CC BY-SA 4.0) CC BY-SA 4.0 (/posts/78928235/edit) () Improve this answer Follow (70:3:31e,16:8dcad30fba041584,10:1740473049,16:c5dc17a583a8f04d,8:78928235,886cb4550ad8de2961d7280505a3f90226fbe3f6e9a76aea3838f2f863c285b1) Follow this answer to receive notifications (/posts/78928235/revisions) (show all edits to this post) edited (2024-10-07 21:02:51Z) Oct 7, 2024 at 21:02 answered (2024-08-29 14:05:13Z) Aug 29, 2024 at 14:05 (/users/339144/klaas-van-schelven) (Klaas van Schelven's user avatar) (/users/339144/klaas-van-schelven) Klaas van Schelven Klaas van Schelven (reputation score) 2,528 (1 gold badge) 1 1 gold badge (25 silver badges) 25 25 silver badges (40 bronze badges) 40 40 bronze badges (Use comments to ask for more information or suggest improvements. Avoid comments like “+1” or “thanks”.) Add a comment | (Expand to show all comments on this post) This answer is useful (70:3:31e,16:074dea74420bb9d8,10:1740473049,16:247a47b6142d94e0,8:59643413,c988725550dd32959f8921d5c1e457abb49f2b1e2a28f4f56330a1f10fd41832) 0 (This answer is not useful) (70:3:31e,16:fb9c28edfbe4decc,10:1740473049,16:c14090b83c4520a1,8:59643413,245b4f356303a7d9f604803c0ba818da83fb568008a907f2319fe6f6632380bd) Save this answer. (Loading when this answer was accepted…) (/posts/59643413/timeline) Show activity on this post. To address why CMD is designed to run only one service per container, let's just realize what would happen if the secondary servers run in the same container are not trivial / auxiliary but "major" (e.g. storage bundled with the frontend app). For starters, it would break down several important containerization features such as horizontal (auto-)scaling and rescheduling between nodes, both of which assume there is only one application (source of CPU load) per container. Then there is the issue of vulnerabilities - more servers exposed in a container means more frequent patching of CVEs... So let's admit that it is a 'nudge' from Docker (and Kubernetes/Openshift) designers towards good practices and we should not reinvent workarounds (SSH is not necessary - we have docker exec / kubectl exec / oc rsh designed to replace it). More info (https://devops.stackexchange.com/questions/447/why-it-is-recommended-to-run-only-one-process-in-a-container) https://devops.stackexchange.com/questions/447/why-it-is-recommended-to-run-only-one-process-in-a-container (/a/59643413) (Short permalink to this answer) Share Share a link to this answer Copy link (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/) (The current license for this post: CC BY-SA 4.0) CC BY-SA 4.0 (/posts/59643413/edit) () Improve this answer Follow (70:3:31e,16:ce3f4255471a7753,10:1740473049,16:7f37c281f63c44e4,8:59643413,99738907a3f4f057c0fb9a00570a9a540918cd3e92e40f000f93be9d239d665d) Follow this answer to receive notifications (/posts/59643413/revisions) (show all edits to this post) edited (2020-01-08 10:19:07Z) Jan 8, 2020 at 10:19 answered (2020-01-08 09:59:56Z) Jan 8, 2020 at 9:59 (/users/9962007/mirekphd) (mirekphd's user avatar) (/users/9962007/mirekphd) mirekphd mirekphd (reputation score) 6,821 (3 gold badges) 3 3 gold badges (55 silver badges) 55 55 silver badges (79 bronze badges) 79 79 bronze badges (Use comments to ask for more information or suggest improvements. 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